Customs is an institution that has as its purpose the collection of taxes related to the entry and exit of goods and the supervision of foreign trade (Fernandes, 2021: 16), since in order to import or export any kind it was necessary to go through customs services. The etymology of the word, according to the …
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Brazilwood
Brazilwood, classified by botanists in the genus caesalpinia, was found in abundance in the easternmost part of the American continent (Varnhagen, 1877:1) by the Portuguese as soon as they arrived in 1500. This type of wood was not totally unknown to the Europeans since there was in the east the Caesalpinia sappam lam which had …
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New Christians
New Christians, descendants of Jews or Jews converted to Catholicism, played a prominent role in the colonization of the Americas, specifically in what would become Brazil. Despite the suffering generated by the dispersion at the end of the 15th century, due to the expulsion of Jews from Castile and Aragon (1492), followed by the expulsion …
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The Recovery of Bahía de Todos los Santos, 1635, Fray Juan Bautista Maíno.
An emblematic painting, a must-have illustration for any work dealing with the period known as the “Iberian Union”, the union of the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, this painting by Maíno has accompanied dozens of books, conference posters and various events dealing with this period or, specifically, with Brazil’s inclusion in the Hispanic Monarchy. It …
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